RAPORO KURI GAHUNDA YA GIRINKA N’AHO IGEZE ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA N’UBWOROZI MURI RUSANGE
INTANGIRIRO
Gahunda ya Girinka (One cow for one poor family) yatangiye ari igitekerezo cya Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika cyo koroza inka buri rugo rukennye kugira ngo ruzabashe kwihaza mu biribwa, cyane cyane ku ntungamubiri ziva ku bikomoka ku matungo, ubwo byari bimaze kugaragara ko 43% by’abana mu gihugu bafite hasi y’imyaka itanu (5) bari bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi (50% ahahoze Gikongoro, 23% mu mujyi wa Kigali).
Iyi Gahunda ishingiye kandi ku cyerekezo n’ingamba bikubiye muri Vision 2020, muri EDPRS no kuri IDP. Yemejwe n’inama y’Abaminisitiri yo kuwa 12/04/2006 ari nayo yayihaye icyerekezo cyo gufasha buri rugo rukennye rw’Umunyarwanda kubona no korora inka kijyambere, hagamijwe ko iyo nka izatanga umukamo, nawo ukazafasha urugo kuvugurura imirire yarwo, kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi no gusagurira isoko amata azongera amafaranga mu mufuka, bityo iyo nka ikazageza abagize umuryango ku bukire.
UKO IYI GAHUNDA YAGIYE IKWIRAKWIRA MU GIHUGU
Nyuma yo kwemezwa n’inama y’Abaminisitiri, iyi Gahunda yahise ishyirwa mu bikorwa, itangira ifite inzira ebyiri zuzuzanya ari zo (i) Girinka y’ingabirano na (ii) Girinka y’inguzanyo.
3.1. Girinka y’ingabirano
Girinka y’ingabirano yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2006, ari Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika ugabira abaturage inka mu turere twagaragayemo ibibazo bikabije by’imirire mibi mu bana. Uturere twa mbere icyenda (9) twagabiwe inka muri 2006 ni Huye, Gisagara, Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe, Nyanza, Ngororero, Karongi, Rutsiro na Gicumbi. Muri 2007 na 2008, iyi Gahunda ya Girinka yagejejwe mu turere twose (30) tw’Igihugu. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe yavaga ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta. Figure 1 irerekana urugero rw’uko inka zagabiwe buri Karere ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta, muri 2007, hakurikijwe uko Uturere tugaragaramo ibibazo by’imirire mibi ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka itanu (5).
Figure 1: Uko inka zagejejwe mu Turere ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta muri 2007
Guhera mu 2006, iyi Gahunda ya Girinka y’ingabirano yagiye isobanurwa kandi igenda yitabirwa kurushaho. Igikorwa cyo gutanga inka cyitabiriwe n’inzego zinyuranye, ku buryo muri 2006 hatanzwe inka 3,005; muri 2007 hatangwa inka 13,939; muri 2008 imiryango 28,699 ishyikirizwa inka. Table 1 irerekana uko inka zatanzwe mu Ntara mu myaka itatu Gahunda ya Girinka imaze itangiye.
Table 1: Imibare y’inka zatanzwe mu Ntara hagati ya 2006 na 2008.
INTARA 2006 2007 2008 ZOSE HAMWE
Kigali City 236 331 467 1034
Amajyaruguru 648 1,475 3,567 5,690
Amajyepfo 1,561 5,028 8,924 15,228
Iburasirazuba 102 4,191 12,189 16,767
Iburengerazuba 458 2,914 3,552 6,924
ZOSE HAMWE 3005 13,939 28,699 45,643
Iki gikorwa cyitabiriwe kandi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, imishinga iteza imbere icyaro, ndetse n’Uturere hakoreshejwe ingengo y’imari y’amajyambere, ku buryo abunganiye Leta bavuye kuri batanu (5) muri 2006, baba makumyabiri na batatu (23) muri 2007, bagera kuri mirongo itatu na bane (34) muri 2008. Figure 2 iragaragaza umubare w’abitabiriye Gahunda ya Girinka y’ingabirano n’inka batanze zidaturutse ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta (nk’uko biri mu dukubo).
Figure 2: Inka zatanzwe muri Gahunda ya Girinka zitavuye ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta yayigeneye mu myaka itatu ishize
3.2. Girinka y’inguzanyo
Girinka y’inguzanyo nayo yaritabiriwe ku buryo bushimishije, cyane cyane ijyamo abantu basanzwe bafite amikoro, bagiye basaba mu mabanki inguzanyo yo kugura inka, bakazihabwa nta ngwate batanze uretse kwishingirwa n’ikigega cy’ingwate y’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi kiri muri Banki nkuru y’Igihugu.
Iyi Girinka y’inguzanyo yatangiye kwitabirwa cyane cyane muri 2007, ariko mu myaka ibiri hagurijwe abaturage inka 3,217, harimo 2199 zo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo yonyine. Figure 3 irerekana umubare w’inka zatanzwe ku nguzanyo mu myaka ibiri ishize.
Figure 3: Umubare w’inka zaguzwe ku nguzanyo ya Banki muri Gahunda ya Girinka
ABAGIZE URUHARE MU GUTANGA INKA MURI GAHUNDA YA GIRINKA
Gahunda ya Girinka imaze kugezwa mu Turere twose (30) tw’Igihugu bihereye ku mafaranga ava ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta kandi yafashije gutanga inka 16,415 mu myaka itatu ishize. Yitabiriwe kandi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta yatanze inka 9,825, Imishinga ifite ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu nshingano zayo nka DCDP imaze gutanga inka 3,117; Ubudehe bumaze gutanga inka 7,244; Banki z’abaturage na Banki nyarwanda itsura amajyambere (BRD) nazo zimaze kuguriza imiryango 3,217 inka za kijyambere zifite amaraso y’imvange. Amashuri abanza 25 yahawe inka 26 naho amashuri 35 yahawe inka 102.
Figure 4 irerekana abagize uruhare muri Gahunda ya Girinka mu myaka itatu (3) ishize.
Figure 4: Abagize uruhare mu gutanga inka mu myaka itatu ishize
IBY’INGENZI BYAGEZWEHO MU BWOROZI NO MURI GAHUNDA YA GIRINKA
3.1. Kwiyongera k’umubare w’inka zatanzwe mu Gihugu
Muri izi nka zose 45,643 zimaze gushyikirizwa imiryango ikennye mu myaka itatu hagati ya 2006 na 2008, harimo inyarwanda 33,498 (73,4%); izifite amaraso avanze (crosses) 9,906 (21,7%) n’izifite amaraso yuzuye (pure breeds) 2,239 (4,9%). Mu mwaka wa 2008, hiyongereyeho kandi inka 3,217 zivuye kuri Gahunda ya Girinka y’inguzanyo ya Banki, iz’amashuri 126 (School Milk Programme) na 611 zatanzwe mu gikorwa cyo kwitura (Pass on). Muri 2009 iki gikorwa cyo kwitura kimaze kugera ku miryango 194.
Uretse kandi inka zitangwa muri Girinka y’ingabirano, abantu bafite ubushobozi bakanguriwe kandi bakomeza kwinjiza mu Gihugu inka za kijyambere zifite amaraso avanze cyangwa y’umwimerere.Figure 5 irerekana uko umuvuduko wo kugura inka hanze y’Igihugu wiyongereye mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Gahunda ya Girinka.
Figure 5: Imibare y’inka zaguzwe hanze y’igihugu hagati ya 1997 na 2008
3.2. Kwiyongera k’umukamo
Mu gihe Gahunda ya Girinka yari itaratangizwa mu mwaka wa 2000 (hatangizwa Vision 2020), umukamo mu gihugu wari toni 57,853 z’amata ku mwaka kandi u Rwanda rugura amata mu mahanga angana na toni 2,930. Muri iyi myaka itatu Gahunda ya Girinka imaze itangijwe umukamo wikubye inshuro eshanu (5) uwo mu mwaka wa 2000, ugera kuri toni 257,197; bityo amata ava hanze nayo agabanuka inshuro eshatu (3) kuva kuri toni 1,280 kugeza kuri toni 450 muri 2008. Figure 6 irerekana uko amata yagiye yiyongera kubera kwiyongera kw’inka zikamwa mu gihugu hagati ya 2000 na 2008.
Figure 6: Ukwiyongera kw’amata hagati ya 2000 na 2008
Figure 7 nayo iragaragaza uko amata agurwa hanze yagiye agabanuka bihereye kuko amata yiyongereye mu gihugu.
Figure 7: Ukugabanuka kw’amata agurwa hanze hagati ya 2000 na 2008
3.3. Kugabanuka kw’indwara mu Gihugu
Uko Gahunda ya Girinka igenda yitabirwa mu Gihugu, ni nako abantu benshi bakangurirwa kwirinda indwara no kuzikumira. Ibi byatumye kandi abantu bitabira gukingiza indwara, cyane cyane mu duce tumwe indwara zikunze kugaragaramo. Niyo mpamvu muri 2007 hakingiwe inka 288 850 indwara y’ubutaka ariko muri 2008 zariyongereye hakingirwa 449 000. Ku ndwara y’igifuruto, muri 2007 hakingiwe 61 550 naho muri 2008 hakingirwa 390 650. Indwara y’uburenge yagaragaye ahantu hatandatu (6) muri 2007, ntabwo yabonetse muri 2008 kandi hakingiwe inka 304 292. Figure 8 na Figure 9 zirererekana uko indwara y’Uburenge n’iy’Igifuruto zagiye zigabanuka mu Gihugu bihereye ku ngamba zafashwe mu guherekeza Gahunda ya Girinka. Nk’uko bigaragara muri 2006, indwara y’Uburenge yagaragaye ahantu 17 mu Gihugu, muri 2007 iyo ndwara yabonetse abantu hatanu (5) naho muri 2008 nta hantu na hamwe iyo ndwara yagaragaye. Igifuruto nacyo cyaragabanutse cyane kubera gukingira. Tukaba twizera ko mu myaka mike u Rwanda ruzaba rugaragara kuri lisite y’ibihugu bitakigaragaramo Uburenge, bikaba byaduha kwemererwa gucuruza ibikomoka ku matungo ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bihereye ku buziranenge tuzaba tumaze kugeraho.
Figure 8: Uko indwara y’Uburenge yagiye igabanuka
Figure 9: Uko indwara y’Igifuruto yagiye igabanuka hagati ya 2007 na 2008
3.4. Kwiyongera kw’amafaranga ava ku nka zagurishijwe mu masoko
Kubera ko indwara zakumiriwe muri 2007 na 2008, amasoko y’inka mu Ntara y’iburasirabuza ntiyigeze afungwa nko muri 2006, bityo inka zagurishijwe zazaniye abaturage amafaranga arenga miliyari cumi n’eshanu (15,793, 300,000 FRW) muri 2008 ugereranyije na 12,265,000,000 FRW zari zobonetse muri 2007, ndetse n’igiciro cy’inka gihabwa umworozi cyarazamutse, ku buryo hari inka y’inyarwanda yagejeje kuri 540,000 FRW mu isoko rya Rwangingo, mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Table 2 irerekana umubare w’inka zagurishijwe mu masoko y’Intara y’iburasirazuba n’amafaranga byazaniye abaturage hagati ya 2006 na 2008.
Table 2: Umubare w’inka zagurishijwe mu Ntara y’iburasirazuba n’amafaranga yavuyemo
Ibi biragarazaga ko abaturage boroye inka bashobora kugera ku bukire bakomeje kugurisha amatungo yabo ameze neza kuko nta ndwara aba afite kandi akagurishwa ku giciro cyiza.
3.5. Kwiyongera k’Ubworozi bw’andi matungo mu Gihugu
Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku bundi bworozi, muri iyi myaka itatu U Rwanda rwongeye imbaraga nyinshi mu bworozi bw’ihene, intama, ingurube, inkoko, amafi n’inzuki. Hatangijwe kandi igikorwa cyo kubungabunga inka y’inyambo yacu ya gakondo, kugira ngo ubu bwoko butazazima; n’igikorwa cyo guhuza amasambu abantu bagira ngo borore inka z’inyama mu Karere ka Kirehe, mu Ntara y’iburasirazuba.
a) Ubworozi bw’ihene
Ubworozi bw’ihene bugamije cyane cyane kongera umusaruro w’inyama. Mu mwaka wa 2003 niho hatangijwe igikorwa cyo kuzana mu Rwanda amasekurume y’ihene z’ubwoko bwa Boer, zivuye mu gihugu cy’Afurika y’epfo, hagamijwe kuvugurura ubwoko bw’ihene busanzwe bw’inyarwanda. Ubu tukaba tumaze kugeza mu Rwanda amasekurume 697. Ifoto iri kuri page ikurikira irerekana ubwo bwoko n’imibare y’amasekurume amaze kugera mu Rwanda hagati ya 2003 na 2008.
Photo : Ihene z’ubwoko bwa Boer zageze mu Rwanda
b) Ubworozi bw’intama
Ubworozi b’intama bugamije kuzikuraho inyama n’ubwoya buzafasha gukora ubudodo bw’imyenda. Mu kongera intama za kijyambere, muri 2008 U Rwanda rwakiriye amasekurume y’intama 300 y’ubwoko bwa Does n’andi 102 y’ubwoko bwa Merinos, aguzwe mu bihugu bya Afrika y’epfo na Uganda. Ifoto ikurikira irerekana ayo moko yombi azakoreshwa mu kuvugurura ubwoko bw’intama isanzwe y’inyarwanda.
Photo : Intama z’ubwoko bwa Merino na Doeszikomoka muri Afurika y’epfo na Uganda
c) Ubworozi bw’ingurube
Muri rusange ingurube ziri mu gihugu zigera kuri ……, ariko inyinshi muri zo ni ubwoko buvangavanze, ntizibasha kumenyekana ubwo aribwo. Bigaragara ko inyinshi murizo zirimo amacugane menshi (inbreeding) kandi ko zikeneye kuvugururwa. Niyo mpamvu Leta yatangije igikorwa cyo kuvana mu mahanga amasekurume y’ingurube yo kuvugurura ingurube zisanzwe mu gihugu. Muri 2008 U Rwanda rwakiriye amasekurume 97 avuye mu Bubiligi (2), muri Irland (95). Ifoto ikurikira irerekana ingurube z’ubwoko bwa Landrce zavuye muri Ireland zimaze kugera ku borozi mu Karere ka Gicumbi.
Photo 1: Umuturage wa Gicumbi wahawe ingurube ivuye Ireland
d) Ubworozi bw’inkoko
Ubworozi bw’inkoko bugamije kongera inyama n’amagi. Kubera indwara y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka, ituragiro rya Rubirizi, ari naryo ritanga icyororo cy’inkoko mu Rwanda ryafunzwe kuva muri 2006 kugeza mu mpera za 2007. Mu ntangiro za 2008 niho iryo turagiro rya Rubirizi ryongeye gufungura no kuzana imishwi iturutse mu mahanga, yo korora no kuvanaho icyororo cy’inkoko z’amagi n’inyama. Uyu mwaka wagiye kurangira aborozi b’inkoko bamaze kugezwaho imishwi 46,048 y’ubwoko bw’inkoko zitera amagi n’izitanga inyama.
N’ubwo ituragiro ryari rifunze, aborozi b’inkoko bakomeje gutumiza imishwi hanze y’igihugu (Uganda, Kenya) ku buryo muri 2008 hatumijwe imishwi 329,000 n’amagi 1,200,000. Umusaruro ukaba utangiye kongera kugaragara ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Photo 2: Inkoko za kijyambere ziri mu ituragiro rya Rubirizi
e) Ubworozi bw’amafi
Kuva mu mwaka w’2000, umusaruro w’amafi wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Mu mwaka w ‘2005, umusaruro wagabanutseho gato. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, kuva mu mwaka wa 2006, kubera ko Umushinga PAIGELAC wakoze ibikorwa byinshi bigamije kongera umusaruro, warazamutse ubu ukaba ugeze kuri toni 11 682 (muri 2000 habonetse toni 6996, muri 2001 habonetse toni 7 308, muri 2003 habonetse toni 7 600), muri 2004 habonetse toni 8 126, muri 2005 habonetse toni 8 089, muri 2006 habonetse toni 8 300, muri 2007 habonetse toni 8 900, muri 2008 habonetse toni 11 682. Harwanyijwe isuri ku misozi yegereye ibiyaga, hashyizweho abarinzi b’ibiyaga na za komite zo kubungabunga uburobyi zigizwe n’abarobyi ubwabo, hatanzwe amahugurwa menshi n’ingendoshuri ku bakora umurimo w’uburobyi n’ubworozi bwo mu mazi bigamije kubongerera ubushobozi kugirango bashobore kuzamura umusaruro uturuka kuri uwo murimo.
Hakozwe inyigo yo gutunganya no gucunga neza ibiyaga 17 by’imbere mu gihugu. Inyigo yakozwe yagaragaje ko uburobyi bwonyine budashobora guhaza abaturarwanda ku mafi uko byagenda kose, akaba ariyo mpamvu u Rwanda rugomba gushyira ingufu nyinshi mu bworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi, mu bidendezi no mu bigobe by’ibiyaga mu buryo bushoboka bwose hakoreshejwe imbuto y’amafi nziza itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi vuba. Ni muri urwo rwego hashyizweho ishami rya gatatu ry’Umushinga PAIGELAC rizakorera mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo n’iy’Iburengerazuba, rikazateza imbere by’umwihariko ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi no mu bidendezi muri izo ntara zombi.
Hakurikijwe iyo nyigo, hateguwe idosiye ijyanye no kugura imbuto y’amafi ya Tilapiya (Tilapia nilotica) izaba igizwe n’amafi 3 200, izava mu Gihugu cya Uganda mu kiyaga cya Albert.
Imbuto y’amafi izatumizwa mu Gihugu cya Uganda
Iyo mbuto izatuburirwa mu bigo by’ubworozi bw’amafi 5 byasanwe n’Umushinga PAIGELAC, hanyuma izabone guterwa mu biyaga ndetse no gukwirakwizwa hirya no hino mu byuzi no mu bidendezi by’amazi biberanye n’ubworozi bw’amafi.
Ikigo cya Kigembe kizatuburirwamo amafi
Muri 2008 abikorera ku giti cyabo bashyigikiwe na RARDA batumije utwana tw’amafi mu gihugu cya Uganda twororerwa mu kiyaga cya Muhazi muri « Cages flottantes » no mu byuzi biri ku nombe y’icyo kiyaga. Ayo mafi yatanze imbuto y’amafi yatewe mu kiyaga cya « Cyohoha y’Amajyaruguru », hakaba haratewemo utwana tw’amafi 24 000. Muri 2008, mu nteko ishinga amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, hatowe itegeko rigena imitunganyirize n’imicungire y’ubworozi bwo mu mazi n’uburobyi. Hasigaye ko ritangazwa rigatangira gukurikizwa. Rizafasha kunoza umwuga w’ubworozi bwo mu mazi n’uburobyi no kurengera ibidukikije bifite aho bihurira n’uwo murimo.
Graphique igaragaza uko umusaruro w’amafi wagiye uboneka kuva mu mwaka 2000 kugeza muri 2008
f) Ubworozi bw’inzuki
Ubworozi bw’inzuki bwagaragaje ko bushobora guteza imbere ababukora, bubushyizemo imabaraga, ariko cyane cyane bitaye ku buryo bwo guhakura ubuki bufite isuku kandi butarimo umwotsi.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abari muri uyu mwuga no kuwuhindura kugira ngo ujye uzanira inyungu abawukora, muri 2008 Leta yafashaije kugura imitiba 9,000 igenewe kugezwa ku bavumvu. Leta kandi yabafashije gushyiraho urwego rw’igihugu ruhuza abavumvu (National Beekeeping Council), kugira ngo babone uko bazajya bungurana ibitekerezo kuri uyu mwuga no ku masoko bakoherezaho ubuki basaruye.
Muri iyi myaka itanu ishize, umusaruro w’ubuki ukaba wiyongera ku buryo bushimishije. Figure 10 irerekana uburyo umusaruro w’ubuki wiyongereye kuva kuri toni 550 muri 2000 kugeza kuri toni 1600 muri 2007.
Figure 10: Umusaruro w’ubuki mu Rwanda hagati ya 2000 na 2007 (t).
g) Kubungabunga ub woko bw’inka z’inyambo
Nk’uko bigaragara gahunda z’ubworozi zose zigamije kongera umusaruro (intensification) hakoreshejwe amoko atanga umusaruro mwinshi ku butaka buto. Ibi birasaba kubangurira ku bwinshi inka z’inyarwanda hafi ya zose ku bwoko bw’amata (Friesian, Jersey) muri gahunda yo kongera umukamo.
Inka y’inyarwanda izwi kuba igira umukamo muto, ariko nanone izwiho kugira inyama nziza (less cholesterol) ari nacyo gituma mu bihugu byinshi batangiye kujya bayitwaraho icyororo. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga izo nka z’inyambo(Inyambo), kugira ngo ubwo bwoko butazazima, hashyizweho amashyo atatu (3) y’Inyambo z’amashashi 600 zatoranyijwe muri Uganda, zikaba zororewe Gako mu Bugesera na Karama muri Nyagatare.
Ifoto ikurikira iragaragaza amashashi y’inyambo yororewe mu rwuri rwa Karama.
Photo 3: Amashashi y’inyambo ari mu rwuri rwa Gato (Bugesera)
h) Guteza imbere ubworozi bw’inka z’inyama
Ubworozi bw’inka z’inyama nabwo ntabwo bwibagiranye. Aborozi batuye mu Murenge wa Ndego mu Karere ka Kirehe, batangiye guhuza ubutaka bwabo, bagamije kugira inzuri nini zakororerwaho inka z’inyama. Leta izabafasha kubona icyororo cy’izo nka, byaba ari ukuzigura mu mahanga cyangwa hakoreshwa intanga z’ubwoko bwa Bonsmara na Brahaman zamaze kugurwa no kugezwa mu Gihugu n’izindi zose zishobora gutumizwa hanze.
3.4. Ikoranabuhanga rifasha kunoza ibi bikorwa by’ubworozi
Muri gahunda zose z’ubworozi, by’umwihariko muri gahunda ya Girinka, haribandwa ku matungo atanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi ku butaka buto. Niyo mpamvu:
- Mu bworozi bw’inka hazakoreshwa by’umwihariko tekiniki yo gutera intanga mu matungo kugira ngo buri mworozi wese ukeneye ubwoko ubwo ari bwo bwose abubone kandi ku giciro gito gishoboka. Ikigo RARDA cyahuguye umuveterineri utera intanga muri buri murenge, ku buryo umuturage ukeneye iyo technology azajya ayibona hafi ye mu Murenge. Guhera muri 2006, umubare w’inka ziterwa intanga uriyongera ndetse wikubye inshuro 5 hagati ya 2006 na 2008.
Figure 11 irerekana umubare w’intanga zatewe hagati ya 1995 na 2008.
Figure 11: Umubare w’intanga zatewe hagati ya 1995 na 2008.
Ifoto ya 4 irerekana abakozi batera intanga bari mu mahugurwa kuri iyo tekiniki. Ubu ikigo RARDA kikaba kimaze kugira ubuzobere mu gutegura intanga, gihereye ku mfizi zororerwa i Masaka zigakurwaho intanga ndetse muri 2009 inyana zimwe zizikomokaho zikaba zaramaze kuvuka. Ifoto ya 5 iragaragaza inyana ya mbere ikomoka ku ntanga zikorwa n’Ikigo RARDA, yavutse kuwa gatatu tariki 14/01/2009 mu Murenge wa Ndera, mu Karere ka Gasabo.
Mu rwego rwo kugira inka nziza kurushaho, Ikigo RARDA kizakomeza no kugura intanga mu mahanga, ndetse ubu technology igeze aho umworozi ashobora kugura ubwoko bw’intanga azi igitsina cy’inyana izazivukaho (sexed semen) mbere y’uko ziterwa mu nka. Izi nazo zikaba ziboneka mu Rwanda. Mu minsi ya vuba kandi, hakazatangizwa na tenikiki yo gutera insoro (Embryo transfer).
- Mu bworozi bw’amatungo magufi (ihene, intama, ingurube) hazakomeza kwitabazwa amasekurume kuko ariyo yihutisha kuvugurura kandi ku giciro gito.
- Mu bworozi bw’inkoko tuzakomeza kugura mu mahanga imishwi itanga amagi (parent stock), azajya araririzwa akavamo inkoko zitangwa mu borozi mu Rwanda.
INZITIZI ZAGARAGAYE MURI IZI GAHUNDA N’INGARUKA ZAGIZE KU BWOROZI
a) Imikoranire na ba Rwiyemezamirimo
Muri iyi Gahunda ya Girinka, hagaragayemo ba Rwiyemezamirimo batubahiriza kontaro. Abenshi muri abo ni abashakaga gutanga inka zikiri ntoya, zidapimye. Byinshi muri ibi bibazo byarakurikiranywe birakosorwa, ndetse inka zimwe zisubizwayo na kontaro zimwe zirahagarikwa kandi ntibishyurwe. Ingaruka byagize ni uko byadindije kwihuta kwa Gahunda ya Girinka, ndetse bamwe mu baturage ntiyahise ibagirira akamaro kubera kuragira inka igihe kirekire zitarabaha amata.
b) Ikibazo cyo gutera intanga
Inka zose zatanzwe muri 2006 na 2007 zatangwaga ziteye intanga, ariko kubera kumara igihe kirekire ziri mu kato (quarantine) aho zatoranyirizwaga, zidafashwe neza, inyinshi muri zo ntizafataga. Guhera muri 2007 umubare w’abatera intanga wariyongereye, inka yose igatererwa intanga ku muturage wayihawe, bigakorwa ayimaranye byibuze amezi 2, ari nabyo byatumye umubare w’izafashe wiyongera cyane, kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 60%. Ingaruka z’iki kibazo ni uko aborozi bamwe batinze kubona inyana zivuka ku nka bagabiwe,
ndetse inka zimwe bazimaranye igihe kirenze umwaka, babona ko zitazatanga umusaruro, basaba ko zagurishwa, zigasimbuzwa izindi. Ibi byabayeho mu Turere tumwe na tumwe (Burera, Gakenke, Rutsiro) aho iyi tekiniki yo gutera intanga yari igitangizwa muri icyo gihe. Kugira ngo ibi bibazo bishire, hatangijwe igikorwa cya AI campaign kugira ngo inka nyinshi zitererwe intanga icyarimwe,aborozi besnhi bishyize hamwe, kandi inka zatanzwe muri Gahunda ya Girinka zigaterwa intanga ku buntu.
c) Ikibazo cy’imirire
Kubera ko aborozi benshi bagabiwe bari aboroye bwa mbere, inka bahawe bazigaburiraga urubingo gusa. Ingaruka z’iki kibazo ni uko inka nyinshi zirya ibidahagije, ndetse n’umukamo nyawo zikwiye gutanga ntiziwugezeho, birumvikana ko biteza igihombo ku mworozi. Mu kubafasha kwivugurura, aba borozi bahawe amahugurwa kandi bagezwaho imbuto z’ubwatsi bw’ibinyamisogwe, ndetse banahabwa amahugurwa ku mirire y’amatungo kugira ngo bagire n’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha n’ibisaguka ku buhinzi mu kugaburira inka zabo.
d) Ubuvuzi bw’amatungo
Aborozi benshi bakira inka, bwari ubwa mbere borora inka za kijyambere kandi batazi n’indwara zikunze kuzifata cyane cyane iziterwa n’uburondwe nk’ikibagaririra. Ingaruka byagize ni uko hari inka zimwe na zimwe zarwaye zikigera ku borozi, kubera kutazoza hakoreshejwe umuti wica uburondwe, bigasaba kuzivura hakoreshejwe imiti ihenze umworozi atabasha kwigurira, yaguzwe ku ngengo y’imari igenewe Gahunda ya Girinka.
e) Kubura abaveterineri bavura mu cyaro n’ikurikana ry’ubworozi muri rusange
Gahunda ya Girinka yatangijwe urwego rwa veterineri w’Akarere rwaravuyeho. Kubera kubura abavura inka zitangwa, hashyizweho abaveterineri bakorera kuri kontaro bo gukurikirana ubuzima bw’inka no kuzivura, ariko bigera ku Turere duke, ari two Kicukiro, Nyarugenge, Kamonyi, Nyaruguru, Gisagara, Ngororero, Karongi, Rusizi, Rutsiro na Gicumbi Aba baveterineri bagize akamaro kanini cyane ku borozi bari bakiriye inka bwa mbere, kuko bababaye hafi, babagira inama, babigisha korora kijyambere, bavura inka zirwaye ku buryo inka zapfuye zabaye nkeya kandi nazo ntabwo zazize kutavurwa, gusa byagiye bikomera uko umubare w’inka wagiye wiyongera n’uko ubworozi bwagendaga bukwira hose mu gihugu.
f) Amata ahari ntafite isoko
Mu gihe gito Gahunda ya Girinka imaze (imyaka3), amata yariyongereye mu Rwanda yikuba inshuro eshanu (5) kuva kuri toni 57,853 kugeza kuri toni 257,197. Ingaruka nziza yavuyemo ni uko amata abarirwa buri munyarwanda ku munsi yavuye kuri litiro 13 muri 2000 agera kuri litiro 25 muri 2008. Ariko n’ubwo bimeze bitya ayo mata ntagera kuri buri munyarwanda atunganyije neza, kuko isoko ryayo riracyafite ibibazo by’amakusanyirizo make n’amakaragiro adakoresha ubushobozi bwayo bwose. Ingaruka mbi bigira ni uko umworozi ufite amata ntayakuramo amafaranga nk’uko bikwiye, ndetse n’umunyarwanda ushaka amata ntabona amata atunganyije neza, abenshi baracyakoresha utujerekani mu gutwara no kugurisha amata.
UMUSOZO
Ibi bikorwa byose by’ubworozi byagezweho kubera ko Leta yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu iterambere ry’ubworozi mu Rwanda. Izo mbaraga kandi zikomeje gukenerwa kugira ngo ubworozi bukomeze kuba umusingi wo kurwanya ubukene. Kugirango bigerweho ku buryo burambye ni ngombwA ko buri Murenge ugira umuveterineri ndetse ndetse hakabaho n’undi mu rwego rwa buri Karere mu rwego rwo guherekeza gahunda z’ubworozi muri rusange na Gahunda ya Girinka by’umwihariko.
Bikorewe i Kigali, kuwa……………